Innovation in History Impact and Change How Gunpowder Revolutionized Essay

Innovation in History Impact and Change How Gunpowder Revolutionized Warfare - Essay Example Although being a low explosive, gunpowder burns rapidly without outside air. In a confined space like the barrel of a gun, the gases build up enough pressure to push the bullet or shell out of the muzzle with high velocity. The gunpowder does not explode like high explosives such as TNT and dynamite. Gunpowder has played its main part in revolutionizing warfare and military thinking. Cannons, muskets, rockets and bombs powered by the black gunpowder removed all weapons and forces that were before them. Apart from playing its role as a weapon, it brought a tremendous boon in civil engineering. It made the development of Quarrying, cathedral foundations and roadways easier. And changed the way the engineers thought about major earth moving constructions. Gunpowder has been used in various fields including mining, military, naval warfare's and as a smokeless powder in propellants which provide higher energy density and lack of smoke. It was used as an igniter to charge the propellant in large guns. In comparison with World War 1 when less sensitive explosions were used; World War 2 saw a drastic change when flash emitted from gunpowder was used to temporary blind the ship crews. Various flash suppressors were created and mixed with the powder, which was formed into grains for small guns and into pellets for the larger guns. Before the invention of gunpowder peop... In between A.D 850-1000 Chinese first invented and used the gunpowder. "The sort of universal belief has been given to China or India, the credit of being the birthplace of this destructive compound" (Anderson, 1862). Gunpowder was bought to Europe after 1200; its formula was found in a letter from Francis Bacon to Pope Clement IV in 1267 A.D. Then by 1275 chemist Albertus Magnus described its formula. Bacon with amazing accuracy predicted and described the formula. He was considered the alchemist of his time; he did series of experiments with saltpeter, charcoal and other elements from nature until he arrived at the right composition of all the 3 ingredients; charcoal, saltpeter and sulfur to give gunpowder. His formula included 75% saltpeter, 10% sulfur and 15% carbon. It was after a century when German Friar Berthold Schwartz found out that Bacons experiment could be used as a weapon. Gunpowder's impact on medieval warfare The impact of gunpowder for the medieval army changes the warfare for all times. It brought the beginning of cannon and firearms which revolutionized the way people fought battles. The commander had to reform the ideas on how the war had to be fought and the military leaders that that properly recognized the use of firearms were successful. The archaic stones of the old age could not stand against iron and brass artillery cannons; lowly peasants could gun down well trained and disciplined knights of noble blood and as a result the mighty medieval horsemen's role was changed forever. Gunpowder became a mighty asset in the battlefield and its psychological impact was that the judgment criteria for hiring soldiers had to be changed. "One thing is for certain though: the impact of gunpowder on medieval warfare was profound, and its introduction

New Product Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

New Product Development - Essay Example The timeliness and precision associated with digital processes makes them the foremost choice for incorporation. Digital products are a step ahead of physically digitized products. These are products that are intangible and are available for use and transfer over the digital domain only. A perfect example of digitized products is Mobile Application Software which is more commonly referred to as a Mobile App. A digital product such as a Mobile App is a software that is either available as freeware or as a paid product. In the digitized world of today a Mobile App is a handy tool that is installed on the smartphone of the beholder. This software application program or Mobile App is a complete tool that does multiple things for its user. In accordance with the instructions embedded into a mobile app the software performs multiple handy or fun filled tasks. For example, a Forex converter app is very handy for an individual working in the stock market. In line with the most current preval ent Forex rates the app can make all the required conversions for you if the requirements are dictated to it. Similarly a prayer reminder app would not only remind you of the prayer times for your designated prayers but it would also provide you with responses to different religious queries that you may have. A Cooing app would become the Chef’s best mate for it may narrate each and every detail about an ingredient and may also suggest the use of it in preferable recipes. Thus, a Digital product is a completely different product when compared to its physical counterpart. It survives in a digital domain only and has no life in the tangible world of physical products. NPD for a DIGITAL PRODUCT The New Product Development processing for a digital product has a lot of user input involved in it. Basically the making of a digital product is all about its usability. The life of digital products is dependent immensely upon the way users need it and intend to make use of it. In fact e ach digital product is designed in line with the user requirements only. This implies that the main input for the new project development (NPD) for a Digital Product comes mainly from the prospective user itself. A set of prospective users of the digital product to be is chalked out in the initial stage of NPD. It is then then the way each of the possible users/ audiences would interact with the digital product is chalked out separately into each singled out scenario. Each of the scenarios is a complete set of execution of instructions that need to be embedded within the Digital Product to be. Once the list of processes that needs to be incorporated in the software of the digital product has been finalized the structure is then implemented in a favorable programming language. A final set of instructions governing the Digital Product then forms the backend of a polished fine user friendly front end based digital product. The NPD of a digital product is signified by another quality wh ich does not exist with the NPD of Physical Products. A digital product is often launched in two stages. Initially a test form termed as â€Å"Beta† form is released into the open market. The feedback that the Beta form of the Digital product gets enables the designers of the digital product to enhance parts of the digital product in line with user requirements. NPD for a digital product which is web based involves taking input from the users directly